martes, abril 30, 2019

Un beso en las tinieblas

Explicando el nacimiento de Ultima Thule.

Este pequeño habitante del Cinturón de Kuiper queda ya muy atrás de la New Horizons, aunque los datos siguen llegando, y será así los próximos 16 meses. Con ellos, poco a poco, y aplicando todo tipo de modelos y hipótesis varias, los astrónomos siguen intentando comprender mejor un cuerpo realmente extraño, en realidad dos cuerpos que en algún momento, después de haber orbitado uno alrededor del otro, acabaron dándose un beso eterno.

Conocido el tamaño y composiciónd e ambos, el equipo de New Horizons ha sido capaz de poner unos "limites de velocidad" a la colisión que dio lugar a Ultima Thule, más allá de los cuales sería imposible que hubiera terminado en la situación en que las cámaras de la sonda lo vieron durante su fugaz sobrevuelo. Y ciertamente son cifras curiosas cuanto menos, ya que en un Universo donde priman las velocidades astronómicas (nunca mejor dicho), las que protagonizaron este nacimiento son, de ser correctas, increíblemente lentas.

Por ejemplo, si el contacto se hubiera producido a unos 35 kilómetros por hora, lo que ya de por si es una velocidad bajísima,probablemente no se habrían fusionado en absoluto y, tras contactar, habrían seguido sus caminos. Y si hubiera  sido a unos 18 kilómetros por hora, la fusión si que se hubiera producido, pero no habría generado un objeto con los dos lóbulos tan intactos, apenas distorsionados por la colisión. Por tanto la cifra debe ser aún menor.

¿Cuanto más baja? Según Alan Stern, científico principal de la misión New Horizons, quizás tanto como apenas 8.9 kilómetros por hora, un verdadero encuentro a cámara superlenta. Las simulaciones realizadas muestran unos resultados sorprendentemente similares a lo que realmente se observó, por lo que parece que estamos ante un escenario más que probable, aunque los estudios seguirán, por supuesto. Estamos lejos de haber desvelado la naturaleza completa de Ultima, pero la idea de dos compañeros de viaje, atados por los lazos de su mutua gravedad, y que acabaron dándose un suave y delicado beso en la oscuridad es ciertamente bonita.

El mayor de los dos lóbulos presenta una serie de montículos, que ahora se cree que podrían ser los contornos retenidos de los pequeños planetesimales que lo formaron, aunque también podrían existir otros procesos hasta ahora desconocidos. Es otro de los misterios de Ultima.

El misterioso o muy plano Última Thule. 

Última Thule, resultado de una fusión a cámara superlenta

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